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Global • 2026-11-01, 02:44 GMT • ~1 min read

Why polio still survives in some countries and not in others

پولیو بعض ملکوں میں اب بھی کیوں موجود ہے اور بعض میں کیوں نہیں؟

पोलियो कुछ देशों में अब भी क्यों है और कुछ में क्यों नहीं?

Why polio still survives in some countries and not in others

Key points

اہم نکات

मुख्य बातें

  • Wild polio now spreads in only two countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan, even though global cases have fallen by more than 99 percent since 1988, when the virus paralysed about 350,000 children in 125 countries.
  • Polio spreads through contaminated food and water, most infections cause no symptoms, and about one in 200 infections attacks the nerves and causes paralysis.
  • There is no cure, but a few vaccine doses protect for life.
  • جنگلی پولیو اب صرف دو ملکوں افغانستان اور پاکستان میں پھیل رہا ہے، حالانکہ 1988 کے بعد سے عالمی کیسز میں 99 فیصد سے زیادہ کمی آئی ہے، جب یہ وائرس 125 ملکوں میں تقریباً 350,000 بچوں کو مفلوج کر چکا تھا۔ پولیو آلودہ خوراک اور پانی سے پھیلتا ہے، زیادہ تر انفیکشن میں کوئی علامت نہیں ہوتی، اور تقریباً 200 میں سے ایک انفیکشن اعصاب پر حملہ کر کے فالج کا سبب بنتا ہے۔ اس کا کوئی علاج نہیں، لیکن ویکسین کی چند خوراکیں زندگی بھر تحفظ دیتی ہیں۔ آخری علاقوں میں وائرس اس لیے باقی ہے کہ ویکسین ہر بچے تک نہیں پہنچ پاتی: تنازع اور عدم تحفظ ویکسین لگانے والوں کو روکتا ہے، افغانستان میں گھر گھر مہم 2024 کے آخر سے بند ہے، اور غلط معلومات بعض خاندانوں کو دور رکھتی ہیں۔ 2025 میں ان دو ملکوں میں جنگلی پولیو نے 52 بچوں کو مفلوج کیا، اور 2026 میں اب تک 48 کیسز رپورٹ ہوئے ہیں۔ جہاں ویکسین کی شرح زیادہ ہے وہاں وائرس جڑ نہیں پکڑتا: 2025 میں جرمنی کے سیوریج میں ملنے والے جنگلی پولیو سے وہاں کوئی بچہ مفلوج نہیں ہوا۔
  • जंगली पोलियो अब केवल दो देशों, अफगानिस्तान और पाकिस्तान में फैल रहा है, हालांकि 1988 के बाद से वैश्विक मामले 99 प्रतिशत से अधिक घट गए हैं, जब यह वायरस 125 देशों में लगभग 350,000 बच्चों को अपंग कर चुका था। पोलियो दूषित भोजन और पानी से फैलता है, अधिकांश संक्रमणों में कोई लक्षण नहीं होते, और लगभग 200 में से एक संक्रमण नसों पर हमला करके लकवा पैदा करता है। इसका कोई इलाज नहीं है, लेकिन टीके की कुछ खुराकें जीवन भर सुरक्षा देती हैं। अंतिम क्षेत्रों में वायरस इसलिए बचा है कि टीका हर बच्चे तक नहीं पहुंच पाता: संघर्ष और असुरक्षा टीकाकर्मियों को रोकती है, अफगानिस्तान में घर-घर अभियान 2024 के अंत से बंद है, और गलत जानकारी कुछ परिवारों को दूर रखती है। 2025 में इन दो देशों में जंगली पोलियो ने 52 बच्चों को अपंग किया, और 2026 में अब तक 48 मामले दर्ज हुए हैं। जहां टीकाकरण की दर अधिक है वहां वायरस जड़ नहीं पकड़ता: 2025 में जर्मनी के सीवेज में मिले जंगली पोलियो से वहां कोई बच्चा अपंग नहीं हुआ।

Wild polio now spreads in only two countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan, even though global cases have fallen by more than 99 percent since 1988, when the virus paralysed about 350,000 children in 125 countries. Polio spreads through contaminated food and water, most infections cause no symptoms, and about one in 200 infections attacks the nerves and causes paralysis. There is no cure, but a few vaccine doses protect for life. The last pockets survive where vaccination cannot reach every child: conflict and insecurity block vaccinators, house-to-house campaigns in Afghanistan have stopped since late 2024, and misinformation keeps some families away. In 2025, wild polio paralysed 52 children in the two countries, and 48 cases have been reported so far in 2026. Where vaccination coverage is high, the virus cannot take hold: wild polio found in sewage in Germany in 2025 paralysed no child there.

جنگلی پولیو اب صرف دو ملکوں افغانستان اور پاکستان میں پھیل رہا ہے، حالانکہ 1988 کے بعد سے عالمی کیسز میں 99 فیصد سے زیادہ کمی آئی ہے، جب یہ وائرس 125 ملکوں میں تقریباً 350,000 بچوں کو مفلوج کر چکا تھا۔ پولیو آلودہ خوراک اور پانی سے پھیلتا ہے، زیادہ تر انفیکشن میں کوئی علامت نہیں ہوتی، اور تقریباً 200 میں سے ایک انفیکشن اعصاب پر حملہ کر کے فالج کا سبب بنتا ہے۔ اس کا کوئی علاج نہیں، لیکن ویکسین کی چند خوراکیں زندگی بھر تحفظ دیتی ہیں۔ آخری علاقوں میں وائرس اس لیے باقی ہے کہ ویکسین ہر بچے تک نہیں پہنچ پاتی: تنازع اور عدم تحفظ ویکسین لگانے والوں کو روکتا ہے، افغانستان میں گھر گھر مہم 2024 کے آخر سے بند ہے، اور غلط معلومات بعض خاندانوں کو دور رکھتی ہیں۔ 2025 میں ان دو ملکوں میں جنگلی پولیو نے 52 بچوں کو مفلوج کیا، اور 2026 میں اب تک 48 کیسز رپورٹ ہوئے ہیں۔ جہاں ویکسین کی شرح زیادہ ہے وہاں وائرس جڑ نہیں پکڑتا: 2025 میں جرمنی کے سیوریج میں ملنے والے جنگلی پولیو سے وہاں کوئی بچہ مفلوج نہیں ہوا۔

जंगली पोलियो अब केवल दो देशों, अफगानिस्तान और पाकिस्तान में फैल रहा है, हालांकि 1988 के बाद से वैश्विक मामले 99 प्रतिशत से अधिक घट गए हैं, जब यह वायरस 125 देशों में लगभग 350,000 बच्चों को अपंग कर चुका था। पोलियो दूषित भोजन और पानी से फैलता है, अधिकांश संक्रमणों में कोई लक्षण नहीं होते, और लगभग 200 में से एक संक्रमण नसों पर हमला करके लकवा पैदा करता है। इसका कोई इलाज नहीं है, लेकिन टीके की कुछ खुराकें जीवन भर सुरक्षा देती हैं। अंतिम क्षेत्रों में वायरस इसलिए बचा है कि टीका हर बच्चे तक नहीं पहुंच पाता: संघर्ष और असुरक्षा टीकाकर्मियों को रोकती है, अफगानिस्तान में घर-घर अभियान 2024 के अंत से बंद है, और गलत जानकारी कुछ परिवारों को दूर रखती है। 2025 में इन दो देशों में जंगली पोलियो ने 52 बच्चों को अपंग किया, और 2026 में अब तक 48 मामले दर्ज हुए हैं। जहां टीकाकरण की दर अधिक है वहां वायरस जड़ नहीं पकड़ता: 2025 में जर्मनी के सीवेज में मिले जंगली पोलियो से वहां कोई बच्चा अपंग नहीं हुआ।

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