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a potentially massive dwarf planet candidate beyond PlutoEating blueberries every day may ease depressive symptoms in older adultsEating blueberries every day may ease depressive symptoms in older adultsEating blueberries every day may ease depressive symptoms in older adultsIran warns of a 'new battlefield' after reported US strike on QeshmIran warns of a 'new battlefield' after reported US strike on QeshmIran warns of a 'new battlefield' after reported US strike on Qeshm
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Global • 2026-11-02, 07:32 GMT • ~1 min read

Sodium-ion batteries enter production, but lithium still leads on range

سوڈیم آئن بیٹریاں پیداوار میں آ گئیں، لیکن رینج میں لیتھیم اب بھی آگے ہے

सोडियम-आयन बैटरियां उत्पादन में आ गईं, लेकिन रेंज में लिथियम अब भी आगे है

Sodium-ion batteries enter production, but lithium still leads on range

Key points

اہم نکات

मुख्य बातें

  • Sodium-ion batteries, built around one of the world's most abundant elements, are moving from laboratories into commercial production, but lithium-ion still holds the lead on energy density.
  • In February 2026, China's CATL and carmaker Changan unveiled what they described as the world's first mass-production passenger vehicle with sodium-ion batteries, and in April CATL signed a deal to supply 60 gigawatt-hours of sodium-ion batteries for energy storage over three years.
  • The latest sodium-ion cells reach about 175 watt-hours per kilogram, against about 205 for lithium iron phosphate cells and about 265 for nickel-manganese-cobalt cells.
  • سوڈیم آئن بیٹریاں، جو دنیا کے سب سے عام عناصر میں سے ایک پر مبنی ہیں، لیبارٹریوں سے نکل کر تجارتی پیداوار میں آ رہی ہیں، لیکن توانائی کی کثافت میں لیتھیم آئن اب بھی آگے ہے۔ فروری 2026 میں چین کی کمپنی کیٹل اور کار ساز چنگان نے سوڈیم آئن بیٹریوں والی دنیا کی پہلی بڑے پیمانے پر پیداوار والی مسافر گاڑی متعارف کرائی، اور اپریل میں کیٹل نے تین سال میں توانائی ذخیرہ کرنے کے لیے 60 گیگا واٹ گھنٹے سوڈیم آئن بیٹریاں فراہم کرنے کا معاہدہ کیا۔ تازہ ترین سوڈیم آئن سیل تقریباً 175 واٹ گھنٹے فی کلوگرام تک پہنچتے ہیں، جبکہ لیتھیم آئرن فاسفیٹ سیل تقریباً 205 اور نکل مینگنیز کوبالٹ سیل تقریباً 265 تک پہنچتے ہیں۔ اس کا مطلب ہے کہ سوڈیم آئن پر ایک عام ایس یو وی تقریباً 350 کلومیٹر تک جا سکتی ہے، جبکہ لیتھیم آئن پر تقریباً 400 سے 600 کلومیٹر۔ مستقبل میں شاید ایک ہی فاتح نہ ہو، بلکہ دونوں کیمسٹریاں ساتھ چلیں گی: جہاں رینج اہم ہو وہاں لیتھیم، اور جہاں قیمت، سرد موسم میں کارکردگی اور سپلائی کی حفاظت اہم ہو وہاں سوڈیم۔
  • सोडियम-आयन बैटरियां, जो दुनिया के सबसे प्रचुर तत्वों में से एक पर आधारित हैं, प्रयोगशालाओं से निकलकर वाणिज्यिक उत्पादन में आ रही हैं, लेकिन ऊर्जा घनत्व में लिथियम-आयन अब भी आगे है। फरवरी 2026 में चीन की कंपनी CATL और कार निर्माता चंगान ने सोडियम-आयन बैटरियों वाली दुनिया की पहली बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन वाली यात्री कार पेश की, और अप्रैल में CATL ने तीन साल में ऊर्जा भंडारण के लिए 60 गीगावाट-घंटे सोडियम-आयन बैटरियां देने का समझौता किया। नवीनतम सोडियम-आयन सेल लगभग 175 वाट-घंटे प्रति किलोग्राम तक पहुंचते हैं, जबकि लिथियम आयरन फॉस्फेट सेल लगभग 205 और निकल-मैंगनीज़-कोबाल्ट सेल लगभग 265 तक पहुंचते हैं। इसका मतलब है कि सोडियम-आयन पर एक औसत SUV लगभग 350 किलोमीटर तक जा सकती है, जबकि लिथियम-आयन पर लगभग 400 से 600 किलोमीटर। भविष्य में शायद एक ही विजेता न हो, बल्कि दोनों रसायन साथ चलेंगे: जहां रेंज महत्वपूर्ण हो वहां लिथियम, और जहां कीमत, ठंडे मौसम में प्रदर्शन और आपूर्ति सुरक्षा महत्वपूर्ण हो वहां सोडियम।

Sodium-ion batteries, built around one of the world's most abundant elements, are moving from laboratories into commercial production, but lithium-ion still holds the lead on energy density. In February 2026, China's CATL and carmaker Changan unveiled what they described as the world's first mass-production passenger vehicle with sodium-ion batteries, and in April CATL signed a deal to supply 60 gigawatt-hours of sodium-ion batteries for energy storage over three years. The latest sodium-ion cells reach about 175 watt-hours per kilogram, against about 205 for lithium iron phosphate cells and about 265 for nickel-manganese-cobalt cells. That means an average SUV on sodium-ion could travel up to about 350 kilometres, compared with roughly 400 to 600 kilometres on lithium-ion. The likely future is not one winner, but both chemistries: lithium where range matters most, and sodium where cost, cold-weather performance and supply security matter more.

سوڈیم آئن بیٹریاں، جو دنیا کے سب سے عام عناصر میں سے ایک پر مبنی ہیں، لیبارٹریوں سے نکل کر تجارتی پیداوار میں آ رہی ہیں، لیکن توانائی کی کثافت میں لیتھیم آئن اب بھی آگے ہے۔ فروری 2026 میں چین کی کمپنی کیٹل اور کار ساز چنگان نے سوڈیم آئن بیٹریوں والی دنیا کی پہلی بڑے پیمانے پر پیداوار والی مسافر گاڑی متعارف کرائی، اور اپریل میں کیٹل نے تین سال میں توانائی ذخیرہ کرنے کے لیے 60 گیگا واٹ گھنٹے سوڈیم آئن بیٹریاں فراہم کرنے کا معاہدہ کیا۔ تازہ ترین سوڈیم آئن سیل تقریباً 175 واٹ گھنٹے فی کلوگرام تک پہنچتے ہیں، جبکہ لیتھیم آئرن فاسفیٹ سیل تقریباً 205 اور نکل مینگنیز کوبالٹ سیل تقریباً 265 تک پہنچتے ہیں۔ اس کا مطلب ہے کہ سوڈیم آئن پر ایک عام ایس یو وی تقریباً 350 کلومیٹر تک جا سکتی ہے، جبکہ لیتھیم آئن پر تقریباً 400 سے 600 کلومیٹر۔ مستقبل میں شاید ایک ہی فاتح نہ ہو، بلکہ دونوں کیمسٹریاں ساتھ چلیں گی: جہاں رینج اہم ہو وہاں لیتھیم، اور جہاں قیمت، سرد موسم میں کارکردگی اور سپلائی کی حفاظت اہم ہو وہاں سوڈیم۔

सोडियम-आयन बैटरियां, जो दुनिया के सबसे प्रचुर तत्वों में से एक पर आधारित हैं, प्रयोगशालाओं से निकलकर वाणिज्यिक उत्पादन में आ रही हैं, लेकिन ऊर्जा घनत्व में लिथियम-आयन अब भी आगे है। फरवरी 2026 में चीन की कंपनी CATL और कार निर्माता चंगान ने सोडियम-आयन बैटरियों वाली दुनिया की पहली बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन वाली यात्री कार पेश की, और अप्रैल में CATL ने तीन साल में ऊर्जा भंडारण के लिए 60 गीगावाट-घंटे सोडियम-आयन बैटरियां देने का समझौता किया। नवीनतम सोडियम-आयन सेल लगभग 175 वाट-घंटे प्रति किलोग्राम तक पहुंचते हैं, जबकि लिथियम आयरन फॉस्फेट सेल लगभग 205 और निकल-मैंगनीज़-कोबाल्ट सेल लगभग 265 तक पहुंचते हैं। इसका मतलब है कि सोडियम-आयन पर एक औसत SUV लगभग 350 किलोमीटर तक जा सकती है, जबकि लिथियम-आयन पर लगभग 400 से 600 किलोमीटर। भविष्य में शायद एक ही विजेता न हो, बल्कि दोनों रसायन साथ चलेंगे: जहां रेंज महत्वपूर्ण हो वहां लिथियम, और जहां कीमत, ठंडे मौसम में प्रदर्शन और आपूर्ति सुरक्षा महत्वपूर्ण हो वहां सोडियम।

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