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Business • 2026-11-01, 17:28 GMT • ~1 min read

Magnetism breakthrough could make computer chips use far less energy

مقناطیسیت میں پیش رفت سے کمپیوٹر چپس بہت کم توانائی استعمال کر سکیں گی

चुंबकत्व में सफलता से कंप्यूटर चिप्स कहीं कम ऊर्जा इस्तेमाल कर सकेंगे

Magnetism breakthrough could make computer chips use far less energy

Key points

اہم نکات

मुख्य बातें

  • Researchers at Brown University have overcome a long-standing obstacle to ultra-low-power computer chips by making ultrathin films of bismuth ferrite that keep their electrical and magnetic properties.
  • The material, a multiferroic, loses those properties when made very thin, the so-called dead layer effect, but growing it as part of a three-layer system, with a metallic layer screening unwanted electric fields, kept it working down to a few angstroms thick.
  • The films also showed altermagnetism, a magnetic state that could allow faster, more densely packed components with a strong readout signal.
  • براؤن یونیورسٹی کے محققین نے انتہائی کم توانائی والے کمپیوٹر چپس کی راہ میں دیرینہ رکاوٹ دور کر دی ہے، بسمتھ فیرائٹ کی انتہائی پتلی تہیں بنا کر جو اپنی برقی اور مقناطیسی خصوصیات برقرار رکھتی ہیں۔ یہ مواد جب بہت پتلا بنایا جاتا ہے تو اپنی خصوصیات کھو دیتا ہے — جسے ڈیڈ لیئر اثر کہتے ہیں — لیکن اسے تین تہوں کے نظام کے حصے کے طور پر بنانے سے، دھاتی تہہ کی مدد سے ناپسندیدہ برقی میدان روکے گئے، اور یہ صرف چند اینگسٹروم موٹائی پر بھی کام کرتا رہا۔ ان تہوں میں آلٹر میگنیٹزم بھی نظر آیا، ایک مقناطیسی حالت جو تیز اور زیادہ گنجان اجزا کی راہ کھول سکتی ہے۔ نیچر میٹیریلز میں شائع یہ کام ابھی مواد کی سطح پر ہے، لیکن یہ بہت کم توانائی استعمال کرنے والی میموری اور لاجک آلات کی طرف اشارہ کرتا ہے۔
  • ब्राउन विश्वविद्यालय के शोधकर्ताओं ने अत्यंत कम ऊर्जा वाले कंप्यूटर चिप्स की राह में लंबे समय से बनी बाधा दूर कर दी है, बिस्मथ फेराइट की अत्यंत पतली फिल्में बनाकर जो अपने विद्युत और चुंबकीय गुण बनाए रखती हैं। यह सामग्री जब बहुत पतली बनाई जाती है तो अपने गुण खो देती है — जिसे डेड लेयर प्रभाव कहते हैं — लेकिन इसे तीन परतों की प्रणाली के हिस्से के रूप में बनाने से, धात्विक परत की मदद से अवांछित विद्युत क्षेत्र रोके गए, और यह केवल कुछ एंग्स्ट्रॉम मोटाई पर भी काम करती रही। इन फिल्मों में अल्टरमैग्नेटिज़्म भी दिखा, एक चुंबकीय अवस्था जो तेज़ और अधिक सघन घटकों की राह खोल सकती है। नेचर मैटेरियल्स में प्रकाशित यह काम अभी सामग्री के स्तर पर है, लेकिन यह बहुत कम ऊर्जा इस्तेमाल करने वाले मेमोरी और लॉजिक उपकरणों की ओर इशारा करता है।

Researchers at Brown University have overcome a long-standing obstacle to ultra-low-power computer chips by making ultrathin films of bismuth ferrite that keep their electrical and magnetic properties. The material, a multiferroic, loses those properties when made very thin, the so-called dead layer effect, but growing it as part of a three-layer system, with a metallic layer screening unwanted electric fields, kept it working down to a few angstroms thick. The films also showed altermagnetism, a magnetic state that could allow faster, more densely packed components with a strong readout signal. Published in Nature Materials, the work is still at the materials stage, but it points toward memory and logic devices that consume dramatically less power.

براؤن یونیورسٹی کے محققین نے انتہائی کم توانائی والے کمپیوٹر چپس کی راہ میں دیرینہ رکاوٹ دور کر دی ہے، بسمتھ فیرائٹ کی انتہائی پتلی تہیں بنا کر جو اپنی برقی اور مقناطیسی خصوصیات برقرار رکھتی ہیں۔ یہ مواد جب بہت پتلا بنایا جاتا ہے تو اپنی خصوصیات کھو دیتا ہے — جسے ڈیڈ لیئر اثر کہتے ہیں — لیکن اسے تین تہوں کے نظام کے حصے کے طور پر بنانے سے، دھاتی تہہ کی مدد سے ناپسندیدہ برقی میدان روکے گئے، اور یہ صرف چند اینگسٹروم موٹائی پر بھی کام کرتا رہا۔ ان تہوں میں آلٹر میگنیٹزم بھی نظر آیا، ایک مقناطیسی حالت جو تیز اور زیادہ گنجان اجزا کی راہ کھول سکتی ہے۔ نیچر میٹیریلز میں شائع یہ کام ابھی مواد کی سطح پر ہے، لیکن یہ بہت کم توانائی استعمال کرنے والی میموری اور لاجک آلات کی طرف اشارہ کرتا ہے۔

ब्राउन विश्वविद्यालय के शोधकर्ताओं ने अत्यंत कम ऊर्जा वाले कंप्यूटर चिप्स की राह में लंबे समय से बनी बाधा दूर कर दी है, बिस्मथ फेराइट की अत्यंत पतली फिल्में बनाकर जो अपने विद्युत और चुंबकीय गुण बनाए रखती हैं। यह सामग्री जब बहुत पतली बनाई जाती है तो अपने गुण खो देती है — जिसे डेड लेयर प्रभाव कहते हैं — लेकिन इसे तीन परतों की प्रणाली के हिस्से के रूप में बनाने से, धात्विक परत की मदद से अवांछित विद्युत क्षेत्र रोके गए, और यह केवल कुछ एंग्स्ट्रॉम मोटाई पर भी काम करती रही। इन फिल्मों में अल्टरमैग्नेटिज़्म भी दिखा, एक चुंबकीय अवस्था जो तेज़ और अधिक सघन घटकों की राह खोल सकती है। नेचर मैटेरियल्स में प्रकाशित यह काम अभी सामग्री के स्तर पर है, लेकिन यह बहुत कम ऊर्जा इस्तेमाल करने वाले मेमोरी और लॉजिक उपकरणों की ओर इशारा करता है।

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