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Global • 2026-11-01, 23:38 GMT • ~1 min read

The origin-of-life theory rejected 15 times that biology later proved right

زندگی کی ابتدا کا وہ نظریہ جو 15 بار مسترد ہوا، بعد میں درست ثابت ہوا

जीवन की उत्पत्ति का वह सिद्धांत जो 15 बार खारिज हुआ, बाद में सही साबित हुआ

Key points

اہم نکات

मुख्य बातें

  • Biologist Lynn Margulis wrote a paper in the late 1960s arguing that the complex cells of animals, plants and fungi arose when separate organisms merged and stayed together.
  • The paper, published in 1967 as 'On the Origin of Mitosing Cells', was rejected by 15 journals before it was accepted, with reviewers calling the idea too strange.
  • By the late 1970s and early 1980s, research confirmed that mitochondria and chloroplasts, the energy and sunlight-capturing parts of cells, were once independent bacteria.
  • ماہر حیاتیات لن مارگولس نے 1960 کی دہائی کے آخر میں ایک مقالہ لکھا جس میں کہا گیا کہ جانوروں، پودوں اور فنگس کے پیچیدہ خلیے اس وقت بنے جب الگ الگ جاندار آپس میں مل گئے اور ساتھ رہ گئے۔ یہ مقالہ 1967 میں 'آن دی اوریجن آف مائٹوسنگ سیلز' کے نام سے شائع ہوا، اور قبول ہونے سے پہلے 15 جریدوں نے اسے مسترد کر دیا تھا، جن کے جائزہ کاروں نے اس خیال کو بہت عجیب قرار دیا تھا۔ 1970 کی دہائی کے آخر اور 1980 کی دہائی کے آغاز تک تحقیق نے تصدیق کر دی کہ مائٹوکونڈریا اور کلوروپلاسٹ، جو خلیوں میں توانائی اور سورج کی روشنی حاصل کرتے ہیں، کبھی آزاد بیکٹیریا تھے۔ یہ خیال اب اینڈوسمبائیوٹک تھیوری کے نام سے قائم شدہ سائنس مانا جاتا ہے۔
  • जीवविज्ञानी लिन मार्गुलिस ने 1960 के दशक के अंत में एक शोधपत्र लिखा जिसमें कहा गया कि जानवरों, पौधों और कवक की जटिल कोशिकाएं तब बनीं जब अलग-अलग जीव आपस में मिल गए और साथ रह गए। यह शोधपत्र 1967 में 'ऑन द ओरिजिन ऑफ माइटोसिंग सेल्स' के नाम से प्रकाशित हुआ, और स्वीकार होने से पहले 15 पत्रिकाओं ने इसे खारिज कर दिया था, जिनके समीक्षकों ने इस विचार को बहुत अजीब बताया था। 1970 के दशक के अंत और 1980 के दशक की शुरुआत तक शोध ने पुष्टि कर दी कि माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया और क्लोरोप्लास्ट, जो कोशिकाओं में ऊर्जा और सूर्य की रोशनी प्राप्त करते हैं, कभी स्वतंत्र बैक्टीरिया थे। यह विचार अब एंडोसिम्बायोटिक सिद्धांत के नाम से स्थापित विज्ञान माना जाता है।

Biologist Lynn Margulis wrote a paper in the late 1960s arguing that the complex cells of animals, plants and fungi arose when separate organisms merged and stayed together. The paper, published in 1967 as 'On the Origin of Mitosing Cells', was rejected by 15 journals before it was accepted, with reviewers calling the idea too strange. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, research confirmed that mitochondria and chloroplasts, the energy and sunlight-capturing parts of cells, were once independent bacteria. The idea, now known as endosymbiotic theory, is accepted as established science.

ماہر حیاتیات لن مارگولس نے 1960 کی دہائی کے آخر میں ایک مقالہ لکھا جس میں کہا گیا کہ جانوروں، پودوں اور فنگس کے پیچیدہ خلیے اس وقت بنے جب الگ الگ جاندار آپس میں مل گئے اور ساتھ رہ گئے۔ یہ مقالہ 1967 میں 'آن دی اوریجن آف مائٹوسنگ سیلز' کے نام سے شائع ہوا، اور قبول ہونے سے پہلے 15 جریدوں نے اسے مسترد کر دیا تھا، جن کے جائزہ کاروں نے اس خیال کو بہت عجیب قرار دیا تھا۔ 1970 کی دہائی کے آخر اور 1980 کی دہائی کے آغاز تک تحقیق نے تصدیق کر دی کہ مائٹوکونڈریا اور کلوروپلاسٹ، جو خلیوں میں توانائی اور سورج کی روشنی حاصل کرتے ہیں، کبھی آزاد بیکٹیریا تھے۔ یہ خیال اب اینڈوسمبائیوٹک تھیوری کے نام سے قائم شدہ سائنس مانا جاتا ہے۔

जीवविज्ञानी लिन मार्गुलिस ने 1960 के दशक के अंत में एक शोधपत्र लिखा जिसमें कहा गया कि जानवरों, पौधों और कवक की जटिल कोशिकाएं तब बनीं जब अलग-अलग जीव आपस में मिल गए और साथ रह गए। यह शोधपत्र 1967 में 'ऑन द ओरिजिन ऑफ माइटोसिंग सेल्स' के नाम से प्रकाशित हुआ, और स्वीकार होने से पहले 15 पत्रिकाओं ने इसे खारिज कर दिया था, जिनके समीक्षकों ने इस विचार को बहुत अजीब बताया था। 1970 के दशक के अंत और 1980 के दशक की शुरुआत तक शोध ने पुष्टि कर दी कि माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया और क्लोरोप्लास्ट, जो कोशिकाओं में ऊर्जा और सूर्य की रोशनी प्राप्त करते हैं, कभी स्वतंत्र बैक्टीरिया थे। यह विचार अब एंडोसिम्बायोटिक सिद्धांत के नाम से स्थापित विज्ञान माना जाता है।

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