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Global • 2026-11-01, 03:34 GMT • ~1 min read

Scientists find hidden cholesterol driver — and a way to block it

سائنسدانوں نے کولیسٹرول کی پوشیدہ وجہ تلاش کر لی — اور اسے روکنے کا طریقہ بھی

वैज्ञानिकों ने कोलेस्ट्रॉल का छिपा कारण खोज निकाला — और उसे रोकने का तरीक़ा भी

Scientists find hidden cholesterol driver — and a way to block it

Key points

اہم نکات

मुख्य बातें

  • Researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine have identified a previously unknown pathway that helps explain why a diet high in cholesterol weakens the liver's ability to clear harmful LDL cholesterol from the blood.
  • Their study, published in Nature, found that high dietary cholesterol activates a protein called Ral, which gradually reduces the number of LDL receptors on liver cells, leaving fewer receptors to pull cholesterol out of the bloodstream.
  • That receptor loss depends on an enzyme called cathepsin A, or CTSA, and when the researchers blocked CTSA in mice and human cells, LDL receptors were stabilised and circulating LDL cholesterol fell sharply.
  • یونیورسٹی آف کیلیفورنیا سان ڈیاگو اسکول آف میڈیسن کے محققین نے ایک پہلے سے نامعلوم عمل دریافت کیا ہے جو بتاتا ہے کہ زیادہ کولیسٹرول والی خوراک جگر کی خون سے نقصان دہ ایل ڈی ایل کولیسٹرول صاف کرنے کی صلاحیت کو کیوں کمزور کر دیتی ہے۔ نیچر جریدے میں شائع شدہ ان کی تحقیق کے مطابق زیادہ غذائی کولیسٹرول رال نامی پروٹین کو متحرک کرتا ہے، جو جگر کے خلیوں پر ایل ڈی ایل ریسیپٹرز کی تعداد آہستہ آہستہ کم کر دیتا ہے، اس لیے خون سے کولیسٹرول نکالنے کے لیے کم ریسیپٹر رہ جاتے ہیں۔ ریسیپٹرز کا یہ نقصان کیتھیپسن اے یعنی سی ٹی ایس اے نامی انزائم پر منحصر ہے، اور جب محققین نے چوہوں اور انسانی خلیوں میں سی ٹی ایس اے کو روکا تو ایل ڈی ایل ریسیپٹر مستحکم رہے اور خون میں ایل ڈی ایل کولیسٹرول تیزی سے کم ہوا۔ حوصلہ افزا بات یہ ہے کہ سی ٹی ایس اے روکنے والی ایک دوا دل کی ناکامی کے لیے پہلے ہی بنائی جا چکی ہے اور انسانوں میں ابتدائی فیز 1 حفاظتی آزمائش پاس کر چکی ہے، اس لیے اسے زیادہ کولیسٹرول کے لیے فیز 2 آزمائش میں لایا جا سکتا ہے — اگرچہ انسانوں میں کولیسٹرول کا فائدہ ابھی ثابت نہیں ہوا۔
  • कैलिफ़ोर्निया विश्वविद्यालय सैन डिएगो स्कूल ऑफ़ मेडिसिन के शोधकर्ताओं ने एक पहले से अज्ञात प्रक्रिया खोजी है जो बताती है कि अधिक कोलेस्ट्रॉल वाला आहार लीवर की रक्त से हानिकारक एलडीएल कोलेस्ट्रॉल साफ़ करने की क्षमता को क्यों कमज़ोर कर देता है। नेचर पत्रिका में प्रकाशित उनके अध्ययन के अनुसार अधिक आहार कोलेस्ट्रॉल राल नामक प्रोटीन को सक्रिय करता है, जो लीवर कोशिकाओं पर एलडीएल रिसेप्टर्स की संख्या धीरे-धीरे कम कर देता है, इसलिए रक्त से कोलेस्ट्रॉल निकालने के लिए कम रिसेप्टर बचते हैं। रिसेप्टर्स का यह नुकसान कैथेप्सिन ए यानी सीटीएसए नामक एंज़ाइम पर निर्भर है, और जब शोधकर्ताओं ने चूहों और मानव कोशिकाओं में सीटीएसए को रोका तो एलडीएल रिसेप्टर स्थिर रहे और रक्त में एलडीएल कोलेस्ट्रॉल तेज़ी से घटा। उत्साहजनक बात यह है कि सीटीएसए रोकने वाली एक दवा दिल की विफलता के लिए पहले ही बनाई जा चुकी है और मनुष्यों में शुरुआती फ़ेज़ 1 सुरक्षा परीक्षण पास कर चुकी है, इसलिए उसे उच्च कोलेस्ट्रॉल के लिए फ़ेज़ 2 परीक्षण में लाया जा सकता है — हालांकि मनुष्यों में कोलेस्ट्रॉल का लाभ अभी साबित नहीं हुआ है।

Researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine have identified a previously unknown pathway that helps explain why a diet high in cholesterol weakens the liver's ability to clear harmful LDL cholesterol from the blood. Their study, published in Nature, found that high dietary cholesterol activates a protein called Ral, which gradually reduces the number of LDL receptors on liver cells, leaving fewer receptors to pull cholesterol out of the bloodstream. That receptor loss depends on an enzyme called cathepsin A, or CTSA, and when the researchers blocked CTSA in mice and human cells, LDL receptors were stabilised and circulating LDL cholesterol fell sharply. Encouragingly, a CTSA-blocking drug had already been developed for heart failure and passed an early Phase 1 safety trial in humans before being shelved, so it could potentially move to a Phase 2 trial for high cholesterol — though the cholesterol benefit in people has not yet been proven.

یونیورسٹی آف کیلیفورنیا سان ڈیاگو اسکول آف میڈیسن کے محققین نے ایک پہلے سے نامعلوم عمل دریافت کیا ہے جو بتاتا ہے کہ زیادہ کولیسٹرول والی خوراک جگر کی خون سے نقصان دہ ایل ڈی ایل کولیسٹرول صاف کرنے کی صلاحیت کو کیوں کمزور کر دیتی ہے۔ نیچر جریدے میں شائع شدہ ان کی تحقیق کے مطابق زیادہ غذائی کولیسٹرول رال نامی پروٹین کو متحرک کرتا ہے، جو جگر کے خلیوں پر ایل ڈی ایل ریسیپٹرز کی تعداد آہستہ آہستہ کم کر دیتا ہے، اس لیے خون سے کولیسٹرول نکالنے کے لیے کم ریسیپٹر رہ جاتے ہیں۔ ریسیپٹرز کا یہ نقصان کیتھیپسن اے یعنی سی ٹی ایس اے نامی انزائم پر منحصر ہے، اور جب محققین نے چوہوں اور انسانی خلیوں میں سی ٹی ایس اے کو روکا تو ایل ڈی ایل ریسیپٹر مستحکم رہے اور خون میں ایل ڈی ایل کولیسٹرول تیزی سے کم ہوا۔ حوصلہ افزا بات یہ ہے کہ سی ٹی ایس اے روکنے والی ایک دوا دل کی ناکامی کے لیے پہلے ہی بنائی جا چکی ہے اور انسانوں میں ابتدائی فیز 1 حفاظتی آزمائش پاس کر چکی ہے، اس لیے اسے زیادہ کولیسٹرول کے لیے فیز 2 آزمائش میں لایا جا سکتا ہے — اگرچہ انسانوں میں کولیسٹرول کا فائدہ ابھی ثابت نہیں ہوا۔

कैलिफ़ोर्निया विश्वविद्यालय सैन डिएगो स्कूल ऑफ़ मेडिसिन के शोधकर्ताओं ने एक पहले से अज्ञात प्रक्रिया खोजी है जो बताती है कि अधिक कोलेस्ट्रॉल वाला आहार लीवर की रक्त से हानिकारक एलडीएल कोलेस्ट्रॉल साफ़ करने की क्षमता को क्यों कमज़ोर कर देता है। नेचर पत्रिका में प्रकाशित उनके अध्ययन के अनुसार अधिक आहार कोलेस्ट्रॉल राल नामक प्रोटीन को सक्रिय करता है, जो लीवर कोशिकाओं पर एलडीएल रिसेप्टर्स की संख्या धीरे-धीरे कम कर देता है, इसलिए रक्त से कोलेस्ट्रॉल निकालने के लिए कम रिसेप्टर बचते हैं। रिसेप्टर्स का यह नुकसान कैथेप्सिन ए यानी सीटीएसए नामक एंज़ाइम पर निर्भर है, और जब शोधकर्ताओं ने चूहों और मानव कोशिकाओं में सीटीएसए को रोका तो एलडीएल रिसेप्टर स्थिर रहे और रक्त में एलडीएल कोलेस्ट्रॉल तेज़ी से घटा। उत्साहजनक बात यह है कि सीटीएसए रोकने वाली एक दवा दिल की विफलता के लिए पहले ही बनाई जा चुकी है और मनुष्यों में शुरुआती फ़ेज़ 1 सुरक्षा परीक्षण पास कर चुकी है, इसलिए उसे उच्च कोलेस्ट्रॉल के लिए फ़ेज़ 2 परीक्षण में लाया जा सकता है — हालांकि मनुष्यों में कोलेस्ट्रॉल का लाभ अभी साबित नहीं हुआ है।

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